[金刚龙圣]《从佛教的反哺历史看今天的圣密行》英文版学术研讨会论文选载
[金刚龙圣]
《从佛教的反哺历史看今天的圣密行》
英文版
From the History of Buddhists Giving Back
To View the Modern Holy Tantra Dissemination
从佛教的反哺历史看今天的圣密行
内容提要
佛教创于印度,然终遭法难而在五印全境覆灭,现在印度的佛教是十九世纪,在多国僧人不懈努力下,反哺而成。(注1)
佛教传来中土,再辗转通往朝鲜半岛和日本,历“三武一宗”之劫,虽不至于灭绝,圣教典藏亦已大损,天台、贤首、唯识等大宗式微的当时,多是从朝鲜半岛和日本国的佛教初请回典籍,得以传宗延续。故而,日本佛教和朝鲜佛教慈悲反哺中国,具大恩德。(注2)
佛教是人类文化的精神瑰宝,因此,佛教的发展需要具有前瞻性。只有能够为众生带来清净、欢喜、和平、和谐等清净醍醐,充分深入“人间佛教”(注3)之实践,才能够续佛慧命,法源长流。今天的中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教正是依历代圣祖之圣密绶纪(注4),以“度一切苦厄”为己任,实践“人间佛教”的理念,而大弘法化。
关键词:反哺 圣密绶纪 人间佛教
历史回顾
大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖,于毕钵罗树下示现即身成就菩提圣果以后,开教布道,广摄众生。佛教在印度流传千余年的历史中,辗转反复,时有复兴之势,亦屡遭法难,终至十三世纪初,随着那烂陀寺和超岩寺被侵略者所烧毁,象征着佛教在印度全境覆灭。然而,从大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖极终善性的慈悲和智慧之大觉性海流出的活水源头,通过南北两传从南亚次大陆播向了东亚,并且根植在东亚,发展在东亚,千年流传,蔚为壮观,成为被全世界公认为“最具慈悲和最具智慧”的世界性主要宗教,人类不可或缺的精神文化瑰宝。不过,佛教在其母国被灭绝的教训也尤为惨痛和深刻,值得教内僧伽深思。
部份历史学家和宗教学家认为佛教在印度消亡是密宗佛教兴起之故,包括某些高僧大德亦抱有如此的观点。本文在此非为引起争端,因为争论远离真理,故而关于这个命题,不在此展开,让我们各自从大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖传下的“教相、事相、戒相、圆相”中去寻找答案吧。
印度的佛教传入中国之后,形成一股新的文化势力,必然与中国本土文化中占主导地位的儒家思想、道家思想产生冲突。在历史上,佛道两家甚至是各出“经典”,道教有《老子化胡经》,说老子西行出关去到印度,化身成佛;佛教的《清净法行经》则载,老子为摩诃迦叶、孔子为儒童菩萨、颜回为光净菩萨之应生。用以彼此各自论证对方的教主是本教的弟子。
深入经藏的人,都可以发现佛经中,讲述大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖现大圣通,俯拾皆是,而儒家则倡“子不语怪力乱神”。为此,佛教初传中国之时,为了减少冲突,会通博大精深的中国文化,在经典的翻译中,亦不乏畅抒例如《放光般若》的“一切众生皆得同志,相视如父如母、如兄如弟,等行十善淳修梵事,无有瑕秽澹然快乐,譬如比丘得第三禅,一切众生皆逮于智,调已自守不娆众生。”(注5) 等“和谐思想”。
历史上多朝皇帝亦有意调和此类文化冲突。 梁武帝这位曾四次舍身入寺的著名佛教皇帝,他著有《大涅槃》、《大品》、《维摩》、《大集》等诸经的《疏记》的同时,也撰有《中庸讲疏》、《老子讲疏》等儒道文章。
至于唐宋八大家,这八位以今人评之,当之无愧的“国学大师”,虽说是好佛者居多,不过为首的韩愈亦是主张人君当以儒家纲常伦纪为依凭,不可崇佛过甚,他的《原道》和《谏迎佛骨表》,曾给后世以极大的影响(注6)。不过,儒释道思想经历相互荡磨,相互砥砺的过程,至宋代的理学思想兴起,已经是相互靠拢,互为作用了。
佛教作为外来的宗教传入中国的历史中,其名相教义亦曾被以“格义”、“俗讲”、“经变”、“梵呗”、“圣密龙讲”(注7)等阐发方式来进行大众传播,凡此种种,皆表明,印度佛教接受了中国传统文化的熏陶,以其广大的包容性,显现智慧和慈悲的本怀,而产生了有中国特色的中国佛教,润泽华夏。
任何宗教都必须获得国家政府的扶持,才能够随应天时,顺通流布。中国本土的儒家、道家文化不例外,而佛教的弘播更是如此。东晋名僧 释道安就发出过“不依国主,则法事难立”的慨叹。正是因为异域文化与本土文化的认知差异现象,佛教在立教传宗方面就必须贴近本土思想,但又不可以被完全同化,失去其本有的,以超越界灵性瑜伽(注8)为特质的,教相、事相、戒相、圆相的灵性内涵。所以,佛教在中国化的进程中,虽然能够获得政府扶持而大兴,但也经历了起源于社会冲突和宗教冲突的“三武一宗”灭佛法难。
任何宗教亦需要贴近民情,才可以获得社会大众的广泛支持和信仰,佛教也只有在实践人间佛教的基础上,才能够历久恒新,法源长流。这也是中国佛教在面对“三武一宗”灭佛法难打击后,屹立不倒的原因之所在。然而,历次的法难对佛教所造成的破坏性之大,也是显而易见的。据史书记载,仅唐武宗灭佛的六年间,全国毁寺四千六百多所,还俗僧尼二十六万,拆招提兰若四万余处;(注9)更为可惜的是,大量藏经以及经版被销毁,直接导致了诸宗的没落,中国佛教也从此走上衰败之路。这样的历史,作为一位佛教的僧伽,同样需要认真总结,以免重蹈覆辙。
佛法醍醐从印度流出,初期主要是向东方发展。小乘、大乘、密乘诸法曾广泛流通于斯里兰卡、印尼、泰国、中国、西藏、朝鲜半岛、日本等国家和地区,并且都经历了包容当地文化的历程,从而成为各自文化中最珍贵璀璨的一部分。现代的佛教渐渐为西方人所认识,从表面现象看来,这是在全球化思潮之下的一次圣缘,但其实质是宇宙超越界的灵性指引,历代圣密宗圣祖亦多有绶纪和预示。
佛教传入中国之后,亦先后形成了成实、俱舍、三论、法相、天台、贤首、禅、净、律、密等十个主要佛教宗派,并且远播他方,邻近中国的朝鲜半岛、日本、蒙古、越南等国的佛教几乎都广泛保留了中国佛教的痕迹,因此,他们的佛教也是基础于中国佛教,是中国佛教与当地的本土文化相结合、发展而成。
反哺的圣行
印度是所有佛教僧伽心所向往的圣地。千百年来,各个国家的僧人怀着探索佛教真理的朴素情怀,和期待亲身游历大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖弘法之地,以祈求获得大圣 佛祖的灵性指引,从而展开朝圣之旅。正是在这样的大背景下,佛教渐渐又在印度播下种子,受反哺而发芽成长。于公元十三世纪左右,在印度全境被消亡的佛教,终于到十九世纪初开始散发出春风二度的光华。
中国是南、北两传佛教集大成之发祥地,从公元纪初开始,自西域传入中土(注10),亦曾经历了“三武一宗”的四次大法难。中国佛教史上最辉煌的时代是在大唐皇朝,由于国家皇族的扶持下,诸宗相继成立,兴教广弘。不过,晚唐以降,受会昌法难的影响,汉传佛教大藏圣典几乎散尽,直接导致了崇尚义学的某些学派日益衰落,贤首宗湮没至宋代才有隐约的传承,天台宗则于五代时,因吴越王 钱弘俶求于高丽,获反哺而重获其教典,得以复兴。
历史上,日本佛教的启蒙得益于中国佛教极大的关怀,而日本佛教日后对中国佛教的反哺,也成就至伟,功德勋殊。
在唐武帝灭佛前夕,大金刚阿阇黎 惠果三藏(注11)在不足一年的时间之内,将唐密的胎藏界、金刚界两部曼荼罗,速授日僧 空海(注12),并谓之曰:“如今我此土缘尽,不能久住,两部大曼荼罗,一百余部金刚乘法,及三藏转付之物若供养具等,可持归本国,流传海内。”唐密一支,从此流传日本,与日本文化相结合而成为东密——真言宗。另有日僧 最澄求法于大圣宝 善无畏三藏圣祖之再传弟子 顺晓阿阇黎,得胎藏界曼荼罗,归国后,结合天台、禅、律等教法而自成日本天台宗——台密。
东密和台密在二十世纪初开始了反哺神州的圣行,主要是授受给从中土东渡日本求法之僧伽,此中成就皎皎者首推教修并重,理实圆融的大圣宝 持松阿阇黎(1894-1972)。大圣宝 持松阿阇黎数次前往日本求法,得真言宗和台密的传法阿阇黎位,回归华夏,升坛灌顶,得法者达数万之众,为唐密回归中国立下了不朽的功勋。
而更早的是近代著名佛教大德杨仁山(1837-1911),成立金陵刻经处,于十九世纪末从日本请回包括《成唯识论述记》在内的,近三百部唐宋时期散失的经典章疏。
因此,这一系列的史实证明,日本佛教对中国佛教的反哺,从某种意义上说,是超越界宇宙灵性的殊圣安排,帮助中国佛教度过了自大唐时期光辉灿烂之后的一长段隐晦不兴的历史时期。
中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教(以下简称“圣密宗”)的八序圣僧,受宇宙超越界指引,在公元841年开始的会昌法难之前,退出皇宫内道场,隐蔽式微、舍僧宝相、舍寺融俗、不堕声色、蕴道潜真,千百年来,实践“人间佛教”的理念,辗转流传至现代。在肇源法性阿丝律耶(注13)升起大用的“阿达尔嘛佛如来、普贤王佛如来、毘卢遮那大佛如来(注14)”和圣密宗历代圣祖的灵性加持之下,运圣密宗特有的“生存智慧”(注15),圣密宗的法脉得以延续至今。
1963年六月初六,圣密宗第二十七代圣宗 薄伽梵 大圣宝 至极维摩诘 净悟老法王展开虹化绶纪程式,圆满 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊圣密宗第二十八代宗师传位灌顶(注16)。1966年,圣宗 薄伽梵 大圣宝 至极维摩诘 净悟老法王虹化,从此, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊一肩负起了续佛慧命的神圣道途。
(有关 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊在1966年至1989年间,于神州大地当时代政治环境之下,弘扬圣密宗的历程,在此暂略。)
圣密宗金刚禅佛教世界大弘
1989年春,圣密宗现代宗师 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊在超越界宇宙灵性的殊圣安排下,离开祖国,遵循历代圣祖的圣密绶纪,展开了圣密宗世界大弘。(注17)
薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊圣示:
“圣密宗金刚禅佛教在廿世纪以来,结束了长达千余年舍寺融俗、舍僧宝相之隐蔽式微、蕴道潜真的教相,公开于社会,并世界性大弘。举行具传统意义的虚空藏法会,传授圣密法,展示了极终无上的善性大悲之般若智慧,向全社会推荐人与宇宙沟通、消除烦恼、解除暂时和永恒痛苦的圣密法教。”(注18)
根据圣密绶纪, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊不仅在澳洲塔省首府Hobart市,成立了圣密宗世界总部,同时将分部拓展至香港、美国、加拿大、新西兰等国家和地区,并分别进行了合法注册,从而使圣密宗真正成为一个世界性的佛教组织,便于展开各项弘法利生事业。
圣密宗世界总部的弘法事业,立足于澳洲本土,不仅开设多层次的圣密佛法修持班,传授佛法义理和实修法门,还根据内部章程,通过金刚禅王信得基金会对社会福利事业和公共事业进行多次捐助,广受Hobart市民的好评。
促进多宗教之间的和谐,创建超越界全球伦理标准(注19),一直是圣密宗努力的方向。因而,自2000年始,圣密宗每年都应邀参加Hobart市圣诞花车巡游活动。作为一个佛教组织,在一个基督教为主的国家,出席庆祝基督教节日,获得基督教信仰者的接纳,说明展开宗教之间的超越界和平对话(注20)是非常的重要。以小见大,诸宗教之间的和平共处,创建超越界全球伦理标准此期可待。
圣密宗为了弘扬圣法而行的种种方便,令众生见即解脱(注21),显示出华严圣缘现代演绎(注22)的人间佛教的强大生命力。与此同时,圣密宗世界性大弘的脚步正在稳实地向前进。
1999年的世界宗教国会上,首次出现了圣密长老、圣密上师的身影。 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊在提交的发言稿上,首次提出了有“世界宗教大同”、“世界和平、和谐”等灵性意义的理念,成为了2004年世界宗教国会的主流思想(注23)。
2002年6月22日~23日, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊率圣密宗代表团,应邀出席了在澳洲墨尔本举行的澳大拉西亚佛教大会。
2004年,又一届世界宗教国会召开,成为了圣密长老、圣密上师们接应众生的大舞台。他们怀着将大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖极终善性的慈悲和智慧广布众生的心愿,与世界各地的宗教代表们和谐地相处了七天,种下了无数菩提种子。
2005年8月27日,澳洲政府属下的FECCA (Federation of Ethnic Communities Council of Australia) 组织授予 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊“多元文化贡献奖 (Contribution to Multiculturalism)”。以表彰 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊多年来,对澳洲政府的多元文化政策的支持和奉献。
2006年4月,中国大陆举办的首届世界佛教论坛,邀请 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊出席会议,由于 师尊在海外弘法而不能亲自成行,委派两位代表出席。在普陀山举行的闭幕式中,一位圣密宗长老被名列108高僧之一。
2006年5月7日~10日,圣密宗应邀出席了在泰国首都曼谷举行的,联合国卫塞节国际佛教会议和庆祝泰王登基六十周年纪念的双重庆典。
是界国际佛教会议中,圣密宗代表团在 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊的率领下,参访了皇宫内道场玉佛寺,皇家寺院黎明寺、供养寺、卧佛寺等泰国主要寺院,并于寺内开演圣法。
闭幕式上,前所未见的一幕上演, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊应邀上台主持首序圣仪,《宇宙光明曲》响起,梵音缭绕,在会场中回荡,弥漫在佛城之空域,如此的神圣,洁净。正如本次国际佛教会议主办者,泰国Maha Chulalongkornrajavidyalaya大学校长Most Ven. Prof. Dr. Phra Dharmakosajarn在闭幕辞中所说的:“大乘佛教的仪轨庆祝卫塞节是首次。”这史无前例的圣举,开创了上座部佛教、大乘佛教、金刚乘佛教、圣密乘佛教等教内四大主要哲学流派,携手并肩,和谐共进的崭新篇章。
之后, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊又马不停蹄地展开楞伽之弘,于2006年12月2日~5日,率领圣密宗代表团,出席了在斯里兰卡举行的世界佛教青年僧伽会第三届全体大会,并按照宇宙超越界的灵性指引,沿着 薄伽梵 大圣宝 金刚智三藏圣祖和 薄伽梵 大圣宝 不空三藏圣祖的足迹,参访了众多的佛教圣地。
圣密佛法反哺泰国、斯里兰卡等佛国,圣密佛光朗照众生心田,诸天诸佛昭示神圣瑞相,与宇宙超越界灵性瑜伽的行者,得大自在,叹未曾有。是《大日经》所载:“菩提心为因,大悲为根本,方便为究竟”所升起的究竟大用。
2006年11月5日~11月15日,华严圣缘成熟, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊在泪别神州18年之后,重回故乡。圣密宗——这一人类文明的精粹,再次回到祂的发祥地,拉开了圣密教法反哺华夏的历史性序幕。
已故的中国佛教协会主席 赵朴老,是 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊的亲教师(注24),换言之, 师尊是 朴老的法子。1981年一别,从此再无相见于世间。因此, 师尊首先遵照与亲教师赵朴老的灵性践约(注25),回到了 赵朴老的故乡——安徽太湖,在 朴老99诞辰纪念之际,祭拜 朴老树葬圣地。
随即, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊参访了天台国清寺、浙江普陀山等著名佛教寺院道场,并于11月11日回到杭州,参访了江南名刹灵隐寺。 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊在一路上,将圣密醍醐与无量众生分享。
为了报答祖国母亲的养育之恩, 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊多次圣示:
“中国汉传密宗──圣密宗金刚禅佛教一定要为提升中华民族,全民族的精神生命、灵性生命的质量,而作出应有的贡献。由是,我们每一位圣密行者都肩负著光荣的历史使命,为报效亲爱的祖国,为中华民族的强盛,为世界和平而努力。”(注26)
方兴未艾 如日中天
亲身融入圣密宗世界大弘时轮之中,灵性瑜伽于超越界,所得到的感受是非常之深刻,但限于笔者文笔艰涩,本文是挂一漏万之篇。
在此亦未能够一一列举 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊带领圣密宗四众弟子,世界广弘的圣行。
在一次次的弘法历程中,记载于《维摩诘经》中的十大预言(注27)次第呈现,历历在目,宇宙超越界的神圣画轴如如展现,身临其境者仿佛被带回到大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖住世,亲自构建 薄伽梵 古梵密 佛梵持明密教(注28)的时期。今天的圣密行正是实践着反哺的精神,期待 薄伽梵 古梵密 佛梵持明密教重回发祥地,可以久住人间,重塑祂的辉煌。
在圣密宗世界大弘的圣行中,也更深刻地体会到实践人间佛教的理念,获得超越界灵性指引而升起的方便大用,令众生从现世的痛苦和永恒的痛苦中解脱出来,才是承荷如来家业的圣行。
目前,圣密宗弘传佛法的步伐是稳实地向前进,无论在什么地方,都先遵照当地的法律法规来进行。“不依国主则法事难立”,应用在今天,就是要在政府政策允许的范围之中,彻底地为解脱众生痛苦的无我事业而作出全部的奉献。
1989年至今,圣密宗“以祂二十岁的年轻风貌,世界大弘,方兴未艾,壮丽媲虹,如日中天”。
注1:参考《印度佛教史》。
注2:参考《中国佛教史略》。
注3:“人间佛教”的理念,一直以来是佛教的中心教义,是大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖来人间示现即身成佛的本愿。人间佛教的传承亦是 维摩诘的传承,《维摩诘经》通篇皆是人间佛教的理念。
注4:参考《金刚禅世界》。
注5:摘自《放光般若经》卷第一。
注6:参考《中国佛教史略》。
注7:以中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教宗下而言的圣密理论和圣密表法,来说明圣密宗教法、圣密宗理念、圣密宗修行实践,并被圣密戒律所规范的时候,则称为圣密龙讲。
注8:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》。
注9:参考《武宗本纪》,《旧唐书》卷十八。
注10:参考《中国佛教史略》。
注11:大金刚阿阇黎 惠果三藏(746~805)是中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教之圣祖,承 薄伽梵 大圣宝 不空三藏圣祖法嗣。住世时,为唐代宗、唐德宗、唐顺宗之三朝国师。传“金胎”二部曼荼罗于日僧空海,空海返日,创真言宗。
注12:空海(774~835),日本高僧,于805年随大金刚阿阇黎 惠果三藏学法,得两部大曼荼罗。同年,大金刚阿阇黎 惠果三藏现证涅槃,奉唐宪宗之诏,撰《大唐神都青龙寺故三朝国师灌顶阿阇梨惠果和尚碑文》。806年回国后,开创日本真言宗(又称“东密”)。
注13:中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教的不共教法所信奉的法性。
注14:中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教的不共教法所信奉的法性,升起大用之三身法性身佛如来。
注15:参考《金刚禅世界》
注16:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》之《 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘简历》。
注17:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》之《 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘简历》。
注18:摘自《金刚禅世界》。
注19:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》。
注20:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》。
注21:“见即解脱”中国汉传密宗——圣密宗金刚禅佛教百相万行之不共教法。
注22:大圣 释迦牟尼佛祖华严圣会无始以来从未停息,与会一切众,必当缘熟而即身成就菩提佛果。
注23:参考《金刚禅世界》。
注24:圣宗 薄伽梵 至极维摩诘 净悟老法王在指导 薄伽梵 智及维摩诘 阿达尔嘛佛 师尊密修圣密宗不共教法时,为 师尊指定了十三位亲教师。
注25:参考《金刚禅世界》。
注26:摘自《金刚禅世界》。
注27:参考《佛梵持明》。
注28:参考《浅论佛教超越界限》。
Content Summary
Buddhism originated in India, but then encountered dharma disasters and was entirely exterminated there. The Buddhism in modern India is the result of many other countries’ monks’ tireless efforts of giving back since 19th century (1).
Buddhism entered China, and was subsequently transmitted into Korea and Japan. After going through persecution in four dynasties under four emperors, even though it wasn’t entirely extinct, most holy sutras and scriptures were greatly damaged. When great traditional Buddhist schools, such as Tien-Tai School, Yien Sho School, and Vijnanavada School weakened and declined, Buddhists from Korea and Japan returned many Buddhist scriptures back to China, to ensure each Buddhist school continued to pass on their teachings. Hence, the Korean’s and Japanese’s kind act of giving back to China contained great benignity. (2)
Buddhism is the rare spiritual treasure of human culture. Hence, Buddhism’s development needs the ability to prophesize the future. When Buddhism can bring purity, happiness, peace, and harmony to sentient beings, and “fully practice “ “Buddhism in Mortal World” (3), then Buddhism will be able to continue to pass on, and dharma will flow endlessly. Today, Chinese Han Transmission Tantrayana Buddhism – Holy Tantra Jin-Gang-Dhyana Buddhism follows the holy ancestral masters’ Holy Tantra shou-ji (4) “to liberate from all misery” as our mission, to practice the ideal of Buddhism in mortal world, in order to greatly disseminate Buddhism.
Key Terms:
Giving back, Holy Tantra shou-ji, Buddhism in mortal world
Looking Back at History
After the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha attained Buddhahood under the bodhi tree, He established and disseminated Buddhism to greatly liberate sentient beings. While transmitting in India during the thousand years of history, Buddhism rolled back and forth between prosperity and extinction up until the beginning of 13th century, once Nalanda Vihara and Vikramasila Vihara were invaded and destroyed, this symbolized that Buddhism was completely extinct in India. However, from the great enlightenment sea of the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha’s ultimate virtuous, compassion, and wisdom, Southern Transmission and Northern Transmission Buddhism travelled to Eastern Asia from Indian subcontinent. Buddhism took root and developed quite magnificently in Eastern Asia for thousand years and became a globally recognized major religion that’s the “most compassionate and most wise”. It is a spiritual cultural rare treasure that mankind cannot live without. However, the lesson of Buddhism being destroyed in its motherland was especially painful and profound, which all Buddhist sangha should contemplate thoroughly.
Some historians and religionists, even some eminent high monks, believed that the extinction of Buddhism in India is the reason for Tantrayana Buddhism to prosper. This article is not to start a controversy, since controversy tends to drift away from the truth. Hence, this article is not going to expound on this issue. Rather, let’s find the answer from the forms of teaching, forms of yoga, forms of discipline, and forms of perfection given from the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha.
After Buddhism entered China from India, it had formed a new cultural force, which was going to clash with Confucianism and Taoism, the leading philosophies in Chinese culture. In history, Buddhism and Taoism each published “scripture”. Taoism’s Laozi Hua Hu Sutra claimed that Laozi went to India, and became Buddha. Buddhism’s Pure Dharma Practice Sutra claimed that Laozi was Mahakasyapa; Confucius was Learned-Youth Bodhisattva, where Yan Hui was the incarnation of Pure Light Bodhisattva. They both used their own theorem to prove that the other group’s founder was actually their own disciples.
Experts of sutra-pitaka could usually notice that many holy miracles performed by the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha were depicted inside many Buddhist scriptures; whereas Confucianism promoted “the subjects on which, the Master did not talk, were extraordinary things, feats of strength, disorder, and spiritual beings”. Hence, in order to decrease the friction and controversy, when Buddhism was first entered China; Buddhists mastered the profound Chinese culture. Subsequently, they blended in many “harmonious thinking” into the Buddhist sutras while translating them into Chinese. For instance, in Fang-Guang Prajna Paramita Sutra, it stated many “harmonious thoughts” that all sentient beings should have the same purpose, should view each other as their own parents and brothers, should perform ten virtuous deeds equally, should practice noble action, should keep one’s mind pure to achieve happiness; all sentient beings will attain prajna, and obey the law of the universe.”(5)
Many emperors in history had the intention to soothe this type of cultural clash. Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty (464 to 549 AD) was a famous Buddhist emperor who was ordained as a Buddhist monk four times during his reign. He wrote Buddhist annotations for Maha-Nirvana Sutra, Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, Arya-Vimalakirtinirdesa Nama Mahayana Sutra, and Mahavaipulya-mahasamnipata Sutra, but he also wrote Confucian and Taoist articles for The Golden Means Explicate, and Laozi Explicate.
Regarding the Eight Great Men of Letters of the Tang and Sung Dynasties, nowadays, they were considered the great national scholars. Even though they were mostly Buddhists, Han Yu, the eldest of the Eight Great Men promoted that emperor should follows and uses Confucianism, and should not overly worship Buddhism. His writings, Yuan Dao and Jian Ying Fo Gu Biao, were great influences later on (6). The teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism went through the process of clashing and crashing with each other, however, when the li-xue thinking started to prosper in Sung Dynasty, those teachings were relying and assisting each other.
During the history, Buddhism as a foreign religion entering China, Buddhist terminologies and teachings were once explained in Confucianism and Taoism languages; were explained in everyday languages; used drawings and chanting to express its meanings; and used all types of Holy Tantra means and methods to disseminate (7). All these methods were used to widely promote Buddhism to the populace. This proved that Indian Buddhism had accepted the influence of Chinese traditional culture, by using its great accepting, wise and compassionate caring nature. As a result, the distinctive Chinese Buddhism was born and invigorated China.
All religions need the national government’s support, in order to spread and disseminate according to the time wheel. In China, Confucianism and Taoism were no exception; the Buddhist dissemination was especially true. A famous monk of East Jin Dynasty, Shi Dao An, exclaimed that it’s difficult to disseminate dharma when one does not receive the support from the head of state. Due to the differences in foreign culture and local culture, Buddhism needed to follow the local culture closely in order to establish and transmit itself. At the same time, Buddhism could not be homogenized. This would lose its content of transcendence spiritual yoga (8) with the forms of teachings, yoga, discipline, and perfection. Hence, during the process of Buddhism being influenced by the Chinese, even though Buddhism prospered with governmental supports, it also experienced the persecution in four dynasties under four emperors, instigated by social and religious conflicts.
All religions also need to follow the local customs in order for the greater public to offer broad support and faith. Buddhism needs to practice as “Buddhism in mortal world”, in order to make Buddhism long lasting, and make dharma flow endlessly. This is the reason why after going through the persecution of four emperors in four dynasties, Chinese Buddhism was still able to stand strongly. Unfortunately, it’s easy to see how Buddhism was greatly damaged by this dharma disaster. According to historical records, within the six years of persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wutsung of Tang Dynasty, over four thousand six hundred temples were destroyed; over two hundred sixty thousand of sangha returned to laity; more than forty thousand of caturdisa were disbanded (9). The most brutal part was that lots of sutra-pitaka and sutra imprinted boards were destroyed, which directly ended many Buddhist schools, and subsequently, Chinese Buddhism had started to decline. As a Buddhist sangha, we need to seriously reflect on this history without committing the same mistake again in the future.
Buddhist teachings flowed out from India. At the beginning, it went eastward. The teachings of Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and Tantrayana Buddhism were greatly spread around countries and areas such Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, China, Tibet, Korea, and Japan. Those teachings all experienced the process of encompassing the local cultures and becoming part of the rare treasure of each individual culture. Westerners have gradually practiced modern Buddhism. On the surface, this is a holy connection under the trend of globalization. However, the ultimate truth is that this is the spiritual guidance of cosmic transcendence. Many holy ancestral Masters had Holy Tantra shou-ji and prophesized it.
After Buddhism entered China, it had formed into ten major Buddhist schools, such as Satyasiddhi School, Abhidharma School, Madhyamika School, Dharmalaksana School, Tien-Tai School, Avatamsaka School, Dhyana School, Pure Land School, Vinaya School, and Esoteric Buddhism, where these different schools spread into faraway places. Buddhism in Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, and other places had greatly maintained traces from Chinese Buddhism. Hence, their Buddhism was also based on Chinese Buddhism; and was the product of Chinese Buddhism blended with the local cultures.
The Holy Acts of Giving Back
India is a sacred place for all the Buddhist sangha. For more than a thousand years, sangha all over the world, with the simple inclination of wanting to explore the truth of Buddhism, would travel to the holy place wanting to experience in person all the sacred sites where the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha had disseminated dharma. When the sangha started the sacred journey, the sangha hoped that the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha would provide them with spiritual guidance. Due to this reason and background, the seeds of Buddhism gradually took root in India again. Buddhism got to sprout and grow due to this giving back. Buddhism, which was completely extinct in India around the 13th century, finally experienced the glory of emitting sparkling lights again at the beginning of the 19th century.
China was the starting place for the prospering of both Southern Transmission Buddhism and Northern Transmission Buddhism. Around the beginning of 1 AD, Buddhism entered China (10), and subsequently experienced persecution of four emperors in four dynasties. In the history of Chinese Buddhism, the most glorious era was in the Great Tang Dynasty. With the support from the imperial royalties, different schools and sects were established, and Buddhist teachings were greatly spread. However, in the late Tang Dynasty, due to the influence of the Hui Cang dharma disaster, the great tripitaka of Chinese Buddhism was mostly lost; this led to the decline for schools that relied heavily on Buddhist theories. Avatamsaka School was buried until the Sung Dynasty when it was transmitted weakly. During the epoch of five dynasties, Emperor Qian of the Wu Yue Kingdom requested Korea for the Tien-Tai School’s sutras and sastras. Due to Korea’s giving back, Tien-Tai School got to prosper again from having its own sutras and sastras.
According to history, the establishment of Japanese Buddhism was the result of the great caring from Chinese Buddhism. Later on, when Japanese Buddhism gave back to Chinese Buddhism, it was a great achievement and boundless merit.
Prior to the persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wutsung of Tang Dynasty, the Great Vajra Acarya, Hui Guo Tripitaka (11) quickly passed the two mandalas of Tang Esoteric Buddhism, Garbhadhatu and Vajradhatu, to Japanese monk, Kukai (12), within one year. The Great Vajra Acarya, Hui Guo Tripitaka said to Kukai, “My connection with this place is coming to an end; I cannot stay for long. The two great mandalas, more than a hundred types of Vajrayana teaching, along with some offering vessels given to me by Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Amoghavajra Tripitaka, will need to be brought back to your country, and transmitted everywhere.” Hence, the Tang Esoteric Buddhism was spread to Japan, and once it was merged with Japanese culture, it had become Tomitsu, the Shingon School. Another Japanese monk, Saicho, learned Buddhist teachings from the Acarya Shun Xiao, student of Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Subhakarasimha Tripitaka, and received the Garbhadhatu mandala. After returning to Japan, he combined the teachings of Tien-Tai School, Dhyana School, and Vinaya School, and became the Japanese Tien-Tai School, known as the Daimitsu.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Tomitsu and Daimitsu started the holy act of giving back to China, by teaching Chinese monks who travelled to Japan to seek dharma. The Great Holy Jewel Chi Song Acarya (1894 – 1972) was a shining example who promoted the importance of both theory and practice, and was also perfect in both theory and practice. The Great Holy Jewel Chi Song Acarya made several trips to Japan to seek dharma, and attained the position of Acarya for transmission from Shingon Schhol and Daimitsu. Once he returned to China, he set up altar to perform abhisecana to tens of thousands of sentient beings. It was an immortal achievement for bringing Tang Esoteric Buddhism back to China.
Even earlier on, another famous eminent Buddhist Yang Ren-Shan (1837 – 1911) founded the Jin-Ling-Ke Jing Chu, a place where they engraved sutras on wooden boards and printed them. At the end of 19th century, Yang Ren-Shan invited and brought back more than three hundred sutras and sastras from Japan lost during the period of Tang/Sung Dynasties. This included the Explicate of Vidya-Mantra Siddhi Sastra.
This series of historical facts prove that Japanese Buddhism’s giving back to Chinese Buddhism was a distinctive holy arrangement set by transcendence cosmic spiritual nature. It helped Chinese Buddhism to cross over the long, declining and dark historical period after the brilliance and glory period at the Great Tang Dynasty.
Under the guidance of the cosmic transcendence, the eight series of holy sangha of Chinese Han Transmission Tantrayana Buddhism – Holy Tantra Jin-Gang-Dhyana Buddhism (subsequently shortened to “Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism”) retreated orderly from the inner bodhimandala in 841 AD, prior to the dharma disaster at Hui Cang. They concealed and not revealed any trace, abandoned the sangha jewel form, retreated from temples and mingled with ordinary people, did not descend to sound and form, hid the path and submerge the reality. They practiced the ideal of Buddhism in mortal world for more than thousand years, and transmitted through ordeal until modern days. With the great application arising from primordial dharma nature, ashreya (13), of “Ahdharma Buddha Tathagata, Samantabhadra Buddha Tathagata, and Vairocana Buddha Tathagata (14),” and under the spiritual blessings from the Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism’s holy ancestral Masters, the dharma essence of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism has been preserved until modern day, by using Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism’s “survival prajna”.
On June 6, 1963, the 27th Patriarch of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism’s Holy Patriarch Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Elder Dharma Lord Jing-Wu started the Holy Tantra shou-ji procedure to bring to perfection the succession and empowerment of Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti as the 28th Patriarch of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism (16). In 1966, Holy Patriarch Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Elder Dharma Lord Jing-Wu performed the rainbow transformation. Since then, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master carried on the mission of continuation of Buddhist teachings on the holy path.
(Regarding the dissemination journey of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism by Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master from 1966 to 1989 in mainland China under the special political environment will not be discussed now.)
The Great Global Dissemination of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism
By following the distinctive holy arrangement set by transcendence cosmic spiritual nature, and by obeying the Holy Tantra shou-ji by all holy ancestral Masters, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master left motherland in the spring of 1989; and started the great global dissemination of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism (17).
Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master teaches:
“Since the 20th century, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism had ended the form of teachings of concealing and not revealing any trace and hiding the path and submerging the reality by relinquishing the temple to mingle with the public and giving up the sangha gem form for the past thousand years. Now, we can open up to the society and disseminate globally. We can hold traditional Akasagarbha dharma meetings to pass on Holy Tantra teachings. We can recommend the Holy Tantra teachings to the entire society on how to communicate between the universe and mankind, to get rid of miseries, to dissolve temporary and permanent pains. (18)”
According to the Holy Tantra shou-ji, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master not only founded the headquarters of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism at Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, Australia; branches were also set up and registered legally at regions and countries such as Hong Kong, United States, Canada, and New Zealand. This established Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism a real worldwide Buddhist organization, has greatly enhanced the enterprise of disseminating dharma and helping sentient beings.
The disseminating enterprise of the headquarters of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism is established on the Australian soil. Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism provided many different levels of Holy Tantra meditation classes, to teach Buddhist theorem and meditation methods. In addition, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism followed its Rules and Regulations to make many donations through Jin-Gang-Dhyana Wang Xin De Foundation to different charitable organizations in the society, and received many high regards from the great residents of Hobart.
Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism has always been striving on promoting harmony among religions and establishing transcendence global ethic standards (19). Hence, starting in 2000, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism accepted the invitation from Hobart City Council every year to be a part of the city’s annual Christmas Pageant. As a Buddhist organization being able to attend a Christian festival in a Christian country, and being accepted by the Christian followers has proven that it is extremely important to be able to start the transcendence peaceful dialogue among religions (20). Following this, as all religions are able to coexist harmoniously, it will not be long for us to see the establishment of transcendence global ethic standards.
In order for sentient beings to be liberated by seeing (21), Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism has used all types of convenient methods to disseminate the holy teachings, to show the mighty vitality of the Buddhism in mortal world, revealed by the modern hermeneutic of the Avatamsaka Arya Pratyaya (hua yan holy condition/connection) (22). At the same time, the footsteps of the great global dissemination of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism are moving forward steadily.
In 1999, Holy Tantra elder gurus and Holy Tantra gurus attended the Parliament of the World’s Religions for the very first time. In the speech, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master mentioned an ideal with spiritual meaning of “All Religions are the same” and “Peace and Harmony of the World” for the very first time also. These ideals had become the main stream idea for the next Parliament of the World’s Religions (23).
In 22nd – 23rd June, 2002, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master, in response to invitation, led a delegation of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism to participate in the Australasian Buddhist Convention held in Melbourne, Australia.
Another Parliament of the World’s Religions was held in 2004. It became the big stage upon which Holy Tantra elder gurus and Holy Tantra gurus to help sentient beings. Embraced with the wish full of ultimate kindness, compassion, and wisdom of the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha to greatly spread to sentient beings; for seven days, they coexisted peacefully with religions representatives from all over the world, and planted countless bodhi seeds.
On August 27, 2005, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master received the 25th anniversary award for “Contribution to Multiculturalism”, a medal engraved: for your dedication and meritorious service to Australia, from the Federation of Ethnic Communities Council of Australia (FECCA), an organization of the highest level in Australia promoting multiculturalism, ethnic harmony, and social justice.
In April, 2006, China’s First World Buddhist Forum had invited Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master to attend. Since Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master was disseminating dharma overseas, two Holy Tantra delegates attended the forum instead. In the closing ceremony of the First World Buddhist Forum, which was held at Mount Puto, a Holy Tantra elder guru was appointed as one of the 108 high sangha of the world.
During 6th – 13th May, 2006, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism attended the dual celebration of the International Conference on the United Nations Day of Vesak and the 60th coronation anniversary of the King of Thailand at Bangkok, the capital of Thailand.
Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master personally led a delegation of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism to attend this international Buddhist conference. Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master and the delegation also visited many important Buddhist temples, such as the inner bodhi-mandala of the palace, Wat Phra Si Rattanasatsadaram, the Royal temple, Wat Arun, Wat Sanghathan, and Wat Pho. Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master was also invited to give Holy Tantra teachings inside their temples.
At the closing ceremony of the International Conference on the United Nations Day of Vesak, an unprecedented scene took place. Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master was invited to conduct the first holy ritual. When “Light of the Universe” was started, the Sanskrit sound resonated through the entire conference hall, filling the Buddhist regions and realms. It was extraordinary holy and pure. The main organizer of this international Buddhist conference, who was also the rector of Maha Chulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Most Ven. Professor Dr. Phra Dharmakosajarn said that this was the first time that a Mahayana Buddhist ritual is being used to celebrate Vesak. This unprecedented holy event created a new chapter for the four main philosophical traditions of Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and Tantrayana Buddhism to hold hands and walk forward together harmoniously.
Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism gives back to Thailand, Sri Lanka, and other countries; Holy Tantra Buddhist light brightens up the hearts of sentient beings. Multiple deva revealed auspicious phenomena. Practitioners who yoga with the cosmic transcendence spiritual, obtained great freedom, praising that it had never happened before. This is the ultimate great application arising from “Bodhi mind as cause, great pity as base, and upaya as the supreme truth”, as stated in the Maha-Vairocana Sutra.
In 5th – 15th November, 2006, when the Avatamsaka Arya Pratyaya (hua yan condition/connection) was mature, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master finally was able to return to his motherland, where He waved goodbye tearfully eighteen years ago. Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism, this essence of human civilization was once again returned to His birthplace. It opened the historical curtain of Holy Tantra teachings giving back to China.
The late Mr. Zhao Pu Chu (Elder Zhao), the then Chairman of Chinese Buddhist Association was a Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master’s personal guru (24). In other words, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master is Elder Zhao’s dharma son. After parting in 1981, they both could not meet again in this world. Hence, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master obeyed the spiritual promise (25) that He and Elder Zhao made together and returned to Tai Hu of An Hui Province, China, Elder Zhao’s birthplace, to participate in the commemoration activities of the 99th anniversary of the holy birthday of Elder Zhao.
Afterward, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master visited and paid respect to many temples in China, such as the Kuo-Ching Temple at Tien-Tai, and other famous Buddhist temples at Mount Puto in Zhejiang Province. On November 11, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master returned to Hangzhou and visited the Lingyin Monastery on Lingyin Mountain. During this trip, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master shared Holy Tantra teachings with countless sentient beings.
In order to express gratitude to his motherland for its nurturing and educating, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master teaches:
“Chinese Han Transmission Tantrayana Buddhism – Holy Tantra Jin-Gang-Dhyana Buddhism must make respective contributions to sublime the quality of the mental life and spiritual life of all Chinese people. Hence, each and every Holy Tantra practitioner should carry this glorious historical mission and should strive to thank the dear motherland, to bring prosperity to the Chinese people, and to bring peace to the world. ”
Afterward, Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master and the Holy Tantra delegation travelled tirelessly to Sri Lanka to attend the 3rd General Conference of World Buddhist Sangha Youth (WBSY) on 2nd – 5th December, 2006. In accordance with the cosmic transcendence spiritual guidance, they followed the footsteps of Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Vajrabodhi Tripitaka and Bhagavan the Great Holy Jewel Amoghavajra Tripitaka and paid respect to many Buddhist holy sites.
Is Still Growing, Is Like the Sun at High Noon
Being able to participate in the time wheel of global dissemination of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism, and having the spiritual nature yoga with transcendence, these experiences were very profound. Due to this author’s abstrusity in writing, this article has the feeling of listing one item while missing ten thousand others.
This author failed to list every single global dissemination trip led by Bhagavan Zhi-Ji Vimalakirti Ahdharma Buddha Patriarch Master.
During the course of each dissemination trip, the ten prophecies (27), which were recorded in Arya-Vimalakirti-nirdesa Sutra, manifested vividly one by one in front of my eyes. This holy picture scroll of cosmic transcendence exhibits marvellously. People who were there to experience it personally felt like they were brought back to the past era when the Great Holy Sakyamuni Buddha was still alive and was personally constructing the Bhagavan Gu Fan Mi Fo-Fan-Chi-Ming Tantrayana Buddhism (28). Nowadays, Holy Tantra dissemination is practicing the spirit of giving back, anticipating the return of Bhagavan Gu Fan Mi Fo-Fan-Chi-Ming Tantrayana Buddhism to its birthplace, hoping that He will stay in the world for a long time, and will rebuild His past glory.
During the course of the global dissemination of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism, this author experienced profoundly the ideal of actual practice of Buddhism in mortal world; in order to liberate sentient beings from current and eternal miseries, we need to gain the great application arising from the transcendence spiritual guidance. This is what inheriting the “Holy Tantra enterprise” means.
Currently, the pace of Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism’s dissemination is moving forward steadily. No matter where, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism will always obey and follow all the local rules and regulations to disseminate the holy teachings. “It’s difficult to disseminate dharma when one does not receive the support from the head of state” still applies in modern society. It means that in order to completely liberate sentient beings from all miseries, one needs to contribute wholly to this selfless career, but needs to do so within the guidelines of governmental policies and approvals.
From 1989 to nowadays, Holy Tantra Esoteric Buddhism, featuring His “20 year old” young style, His extensive global dissemination, still growing, and as brilliant and magnificent as a rainbow, is like the sun at high noon